Air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental and public health challenges of the 21st century. Rapid industrialisation, urbanisation, increasing vehicular emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and unsustainable developmental activities have significantly deteriorated air quality across the globe. Exposure to polluted air has been directly linked to respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, climate change, ecosystem degradation, and reduced quality of life. In rapidly developing nations such as India, the challenge is even more critical due to the combined effects of population growth, industrial expansion, and rising energy demand. Addressing this complex issue requires not only stronger environmental policies but also the integration of advanced monitoring systems, innovative sensing technologies, and efficient pollution control strategies.

In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the field of air quality sensing and pollution mitigation technologies. Emerging sensor technologies, low-cost monitoring devices, satellite-based observations, IoT-enabled sensor networks, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analytics are transforming the way air pollution is monitored and managed. These advancements provide real-time, high-resolution data that support informed decision-making, source identification, exposure assessment, and policy implementation. Simultaneously, innovative emission control technologies for industries, transportation systems, and urban environments are being developed to reduce pollutant emissions and improve environmental sustainability.